tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-288378432024-03-18T20:40:07.713-07:00Quark Soup by David AppellDavid Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.comBlogger5044125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-73316867129965740022024-03-18T20:39:00.000-07:002024-03-18T20:39:17.062-07:00Things Are Listening<p>I just asked Siri (my iPhone) "when was Memorial Day in 1996?"</p><p>She gave one of these "here are some options, check it out" useless responses so I quickly typed into Google on my PC's browser "Memorial Day" and before I got any farther the first autofill it gave me was "1996."</p><p>Is that a coincidence? Of all the years before now it went to 1996? I don't think "Memorial Day 1996" could have been in my browser's history. But I've been writing about some things that went on around then so maybe it was. If not, it seems weird and uncanny and I don't like it, even if I know it was all done without any human intervention and no actual human behind the curtain cares what I was searching for.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7KD6Iad3CwkHACtLoT5vAEOeXzf-cdb5uITnGVRmAdIClyNOlUpIBB1x8sY8RsjkXvkFNZvg1fJ6NbLSRIFVjBcywkN2wQmbJZmzcYW9UCcThUwLfOglH1tGipeYjHZl4P4NXfiHVh-4IANA0nIYcequbk6njkanlStcJtY9FnT7gqcirWmGv" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="243" data-original-width="357" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7KD6Iad3CwkHACtLoT5vAEOeXzf-cdb5uITnGVRmAdIClyNOlUpIBB1x8sY8RsjkXvkFNZvg1fJ6NbLSRIFVjBcywkN2wQmbJZmzcYW9UCcThUwLfOglH1tGipeYjHZl4P4NXfiHVh-4IANA0nIYcequbk6njkanlStcJtY9FnT7gqcirWmGv=w400-h272" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-461542633342275002024-03-08T17:13:00.000-08:002024-03-08T17:13:20.275-08:00POP cp When I Was Born<p>Just calculated that, when I was born, <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/POPTOTUSA647NWDB" target="_blank">US population</a> was only 54% of what it is today. </p><p><a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SPPOPTOTLWLD" target="_blank">World population</a> was 38% of today's.</p><p>Not really sure why, but these numbers make me kind of nostalgic and kind of sad.</p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-2685244619336334942024-03-07T14:22:00.000-08:002024-03-07T14:22:10.359-08:00The Greenhouse Effect Strikes Again<p>From an article about ice fishers in New England <a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/higher-temperatures-force-new-england-fishers-off-ice-early-global-warming-is-real/ar-BB1jqjud?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=cd598a1f73f94bd2956cf24b5fa466cb&ei=136" target="_blank">having to pull their bobhouses</a> off the ice earlier than in the past:</p><p></p><blockquote>“I had to help pull out a bob-house out that fell in three years ago,” said Cutter, adding that a friend had built that house with a glass roof, which ended up turning it into a heating greenhouse that melted a hole in the ice beneath it.</blockquote><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-35098642236316291092024-02-08T14:57:00.000-08:002024-02-08T15:07:03.896-08:00BREAKING: Michael Mann Wins Defamation Suit, Awarded Over $1 million<p>$1 in compensatory damages from Steyn, $1 M in punitive damages.</p><p>$1 in compensatory damages from Simberg, $1 K in punitive damages.</p><p><i>NY Times</i>: </p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/08/climate/michael-mann-defation-lawsuit.html?unlocked_article_code=1.T00.6HjE.BOquU6sNtNLs&smid=url-share" target="_blank">Michael Mann, a Leading Climate Scientist, Wins His Defamation Suit</a>: The researcher had sued two writers and their publishers for libel and slander over comments about his work. The jury found “spite” and “deliberate intent to harm.”</p><p></p><blockquote><p>“The six-person jury announced its unanimous verdict after a four-week trial in District of Columbia Superior Court and one full day of deliberation. They found both Mr. Simberg and Mr. Steyn guilty of defaming Dr. Mann with multiple false statements and awarded the scientist $1 in compensatory damages from each writer.</p><p><br /></p><p>“The jury also found the writers had made their statements with “maliciousness, spite, ill will, vengeance or deliberate intent to harm,” and levied punitive damages of $1,000 against Mr. Simberg and $1 million against Mr. Steyn in order to deter others from doing the same….</p><p><br /></p><p>“In 2021, Judge Irving, along with another D.C. Superior Court judge, decided that the Competitive Enterprise Institute and National Review could not be held liable. The publishers did not meet the bar of “actual malice” imposed on public figures suing for defamation, the judges ruled, meaning employees of the two organizations did not publish Mr. Simberg and Mr. Steyn’s posts knowing them to be false, nor did they have “reckless disregard” for whether the posts were false.</p><p><br /></p><p>“Dr. Mann’s attorneys have indicated that they will appeal this previous decision.”</p></blockquote>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-14286832059238271972023-12-21T10:06:00.000-08:002023-12-21T10:06:50.638-08:00Planting Flowers<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs2zzne84MVlEMTP8n4UHpDqfVklzCGzWa-8nESM6lkne9PtLAdUv3IYBdSvXqJgGhHlJig8ZvBbBTFtCdkFsshlhGbN8_wVqafqROgfjw8TpqkeAJA-e65LAhmSoZlh0G17VfIW1QQNF70PRhfZyuTJFgwAi2epyYbPciG3__VwMZCOaJr542/s996/IMG_6567.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="884" data-original-width="996" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs2zzne84MVlEMTP8n4UHpDqfVklzCGzWa-8nESM6lkne9PtLAdUv3IYBdSvXqJgGhHlJig8ZvBbBTFtCdkFsshlhGbN8_wVqafqROgfjw8TpqkeAJA-e65LAhmSoZlh0G17VfIW1QQNF70PRhfZyuTJFgwAi2epyYbPciG3__VwMZCOaJr542/w400-h355/IMG_6567.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-6673461303237262612023-11-30T19:29:00.000-08:002023-11-30T19:29:35.653-08:00Why Science Teachers Should Not Be Given Playground Duty<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1HTbfoNs7dNAOBIXxJ6Bq5gyTzgYP7rQ51BFKS8Ajaj9VLojtItsZT6IZIbT_5gxnhq6x8Pw2cuje5xd1-lvFOqBuHUJGXtPtyoVZwWccazYhdGI07W9sNeFekg89jBELtMxAAsFLExg4T5hMuaMrZhoHjOAJKC2RZ2qpFA7noIW6zhSYmINk/s1192/playground%20duty.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1192" data-original-width="1170" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1HTbfoNs7dNAOBIXxJ6Bq5gyTzgYP7rQ51BFKS8Ajaj9VLojtItsZT6IZIbT_5gxnhq6x8Pw2cuje5xd1-lvFOqBuHUJGXtPtyoVZwWccazYhdGI07W9sNeFekg89jBELtMxAAsFLExg4T5hMuaMrZhoHjOAJKC2RZ2qpFA7noIW6zhSYmINk/w628-h640/playground%20duty.jpeg" width="628" /></a></div><br /><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-13549219049895954052023-09-06T11:45:00.000-07:002023-09-06T19:00:31.441-07:00Warmest Summer Since at Least 1940Copernicus:
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<br><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/06/world/hottest-summer-record-climate-intl">https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/06/world/hottest-summer-record-climate-intl</a>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-77908359405952322202023-09-04T11:39:00.002-07:002023-09-04T11:39:29.614-07:00UAH: Second-warmest Month in Their RecordsUAH/Roy Spencer just <a href="https://www.drroyspencer.com/2023/09/uah-global-temperature-update-for-august-2023-0-69-deg-c/#comments" target="_blank">published</a> their temperature anomaly for the lower troposphere.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinHZBw0544bG3ywuP_v3OMXkxS2_UR1OpEHgqmpbsX68ylUvBUCZxwkePm9ZIWUISlVP2qX9QQf_xUPNMEExLWepyrl7hgInPOblyDb4m9rSQi0QyF5RJDhillF_NCO2gWVyx5F25ecID3eVfg7HcMVi_QRUw-h4xHGymtKCFOaYIVMUiRwjLC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="350" data-original-width="697" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinHZBw0544bG3ywuP_v3OMXkxS2_UR1OpEHgqmpbsX68ylUvBUCZxwkePm9ZIWUISlVP2qX9QQf_xUPNMEExLWepyrl7hgInPOblyDb4m9rSQi0QyF5RJDhillF_NCO2gWVyx5F25ecID3eVfg7HcMVi_QRUw-h4xHGymtKCFOaYIVMUiRwjLC=w640-h322" width="640" /></a></div><br />It's the warmest August since their records start in 1979 (by 0.30°C!) and the 2nd-hottest month since 1979 (just 0.01°C below the record of February 2016). <p></p><p>This decade-to-date, 34 months into the new decade, is 0.27°C warmer than the last decade-to-date. (It's a short time interval, though, so not very meaningful.)</p><p>Every new decade UAH adjusts their anomalies to the latest 30 years (perhaps to keep the numbers smaller?). August's anomaly, with respect to 1980-2009, is 0.83°C, larger than I would have guessed. </p><p>When is 1.00°C going to appear?</p><p>Very likely even higher anomalies to come in the next few months as the El Nino gets rolling....</p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-86437649920254258102023-09-03T14:04:00.000-07:002023-09-03T14:04:17.530-07:00China's WAP DeclineChina's working-age population has peaked. Not good news if you want continued national economic growth.<div><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe frameborder="0" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://data.worldbank.org/share/widget?indicators=SP.POP.1564.TO&locations=CN" width="450"></iframe> </div><div><br /></div><div>Via <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.1564.TO?locations=CN" target="_blank">The World Bank</a>, via Paul Krugman <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/31/opinion/china-xi-jinping-policy-thrift.html" target="_blank">in the<i> NY Times</i></a>. He writes:</div></div><div><blockquote>"At a fundamental level, China is suffering from the paradox of thrift, which says that an economy can suffer if consumers try to save too much. If businesses aren’t willing to borrow and then invest all the money consumers are trying to save, the result is an economic downturn. Such a downturn may well reduce the amount businesses are willing to invest, so an attempt to save more can actually reduce investment.
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"And China has an incredibly high national savings rate. Why? I’m not sure there’s a consensus about the causes, but an I.M.F. study argued that the biggest drivers are a low birthrate — so people don’t feel they can rely on their children to support them in retirement — and an inadequate social safety net, so they don’t feel that they can rely on public support either."
</blockquote></div>
This kind of thing is why macroeconomics is so interesting. And why you can't run government as a business, something some people don't seem able to understand.David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-5060423508441864412023-09-01T15:00:00.010-07:002023-09-01T15:03:53.519-07:00Roy Spencer's Temperature<p>Roy Spencer usually publishes their temperature anomaly for the lower troposphere for the month just ended on the first of the month.</p><p>But <a href="https://www.drroyspencer.com/" target="_blank">it's not published today</a>. (As of Sept 1, 4:54 pm Central Time.)</p><p>I've noticed from the past that he often doesn't publish it on the first of the month when the anomaly is high. </p><p>But never when the anomaly is low.</p><p>Of course, maybe he's on vacation. It is Labor Day here on Monday, and maybe he's getting in a four-day leave. I hope that's the reason. Wouldn't want to think there's a bias going on. Wouldn't want to think there's a bit of a <a href="https://www.scribbr.com/frequently-asked-questions/file-drawer-problem/" target="_blank">file drawer problem</a>.</p><p>(Seriously though, there is a real issue, in me and everyone else, to stop analysis when we get the result we think we want, and to keep looking for problems when we don't. I guess the only solution to that is for others to look at the science too and see what they get. Science does that and usually gets it right, but usually it takes some time. The RSS group <a href="https://images.remss.com/msu/graphics/TLT_v40/time_series/RSS_TS_channel_TLT_Global_Land_And_Sea_v04_0.txt" target="_blank">hasn't published their August LT anomaly yet</a>, but then they usually don't on the first of the month, but usually a few days later, sometimes several days later. Seems like a better delivery system.)</p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-68061660958864733362023-08-30T13:04:00.001-07:002023-08-30T13:04:10.714-07:00Oldie But Goodie<p>By <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Pett" target="_blank">Joel Pett</a>, 2009:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFuqarAI1osdnx95MKodboRur6mDNu9P-q_3flh7YL3A77RMo1B8Uhn1MGK0S25Wot_59owRHrdy9bOQ5BAmV6Ge8vPRc6u57nX7P0DX3MmCk7dduHb047V3FxAa209fpxK4wfapCB37mm0TRBBWO8F7u-jFDIyMZqua41w5EeBcavtCDuy4PM/s800/what%20if.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFuqarAI1osdnx95MKodboRur6mDNu9P-q_3flh7YL3A77RMo1B8Uhn1MGK0S25Wot_59owRHrdy9bOQ5BAmV6Ge8vPRc6u57nX7P0DX3MmCk7dduHb047V3FxAa209fpxK4wfapCB37mm0TRBBWO8F7u-jFDIyMZqua41w5EeBcavtCDuy4PM/w400-h268/what%20if.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Pett#What_if_it's_a_big_hoax_and_we_create_a_better_world_for_nothing?_cartoon" target="_blank">From Wikipedia</a>:</p><p></p>
<blockquote>The cartoon, which first appeared in USA Today in December 2009,[3] around the time of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference,[4] depicts a conference presenter listing the many advantages of curbing climate change including "energy independence, preserving rainforests, sustainability, green jobs, livable cities, renewables, clean water/air, healthy children, etc., etc.," only to have a climate change denier interject that if it were all a hoax, we'd create a "better world for nothing".[5] Shortly after the conference was over, Pett got a request for a signed copy from then-EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson, who framed the comic and put it on her wall. Pett has repeatedly gotten requests from over 40 environmental groups, in the United States, Canada and Europe to use the cartoon in campaigns. The Australian Greens used it in a campaign which some have claimed was influential in the Australian parliament adopting a carbon pricing scheme under the Clean Energy Act 2011, said to be the most rigorous scheme in the world for the time it was active.[6]
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"I've drawn 7,000 cartoons in my life, but really only one," Pett said. "It's an example of one of these ideas I had in my head for 10 years before I realized I hadn't cartooned it...I was thinking, you know, 'It doesn't matter if global warming were a hoax, if the scientists made it up, we still have to do all that shit.'"[7] Pett said in a 2012 editorial that in the 27 months since its first publication, not a week had gone by where he didn't have a request to use the image.[5]</blockquote>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-13479095034375929212023-08-29T15:41:00.010-07:002023-08-29T15:48:39.762-07:00The Dominator<p>Hockey season is coming up, so please pardon the occasional post on this greatest (IMHO) of sports. </p><p>It's still two months until the NHL hockey season starts--three and a half weeks before the first preseason game--and most of the trades and acquisitions have been done by now. Most notably, my Pittsburgh Penguins hired Kyle Dubas, whose contract <a href="https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nhl/news/kyle-dubas-leaving-maple-leafs-contract/hxxy9txcmqfjljboedmi11lw#:~:text=Toronto%20was%20eliminated%20in%20five%20games%20by%20the,June%2030%20and%20Toronto%20simply%20isn%27t%20renewing%20it." target="_blank">wasn't extended</a> by the Toronto Maple Leafs after they failed to advance past the second round of the Stanley Cup playoffs. (Meanwhile, they just rewarded <a href="https://www.nhl.com/player/auston-matthews-8479318" target="_blank">this guy</a>, who didn't really do enough in the playoffs {5G 6A in 11 GP}, an astonishing $13.25 million a year for four years.) In Pittsburgh Dubas made a lot of strong moves very quickly, and there's some talk the Penguins might be real contenders again. Their three Hall of Fame players--Crosby, Malkin and Letang, all at least 36 years of age, and who already have three Stanley Cups, are getting old and <a href="https://thehockeynews.com/nhl/pittsburgh-penguins/pens-talk/few-questions-surround-pittsburgh-penguins" target="_blank">want one more Cup</a>, in a league that's getting faster every year.</p><p>Anyway, I found this clip of highlights of Dominik Hasic ("The Dominator"), who played in the NHL from 1990-91 to 2007-08. Wild, acrobatic, beautiful saves. At the end of his NHL career his save percentage an amazing .922, and average goals against 2.02, winning two Stanley Cups with the Detroit Red Wings. Some consider him the best goalie ever.</p>
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YBA_k1NSgnI?si=50GCHGMljuHxVgGi" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>
</center>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-17058453342644174942023-08-27T17:23:00.004-07:002023-08-27T17:23:54.630-07:00Biden's Carbon Capture ProgramsThey're expensive. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/politics/direct-air-capture-funding-biden-administration/index.html" target="_blank">From CNN</a>:
<p></p>
<blockquote>The Biden administration on Friday announced its first major investment to kickstart the US carbon removal industry – something energy experts say is key to getting the country’s planet-warming emissions under control.
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Direct air capture removal projects are akin to huge vacuum cleaners sucking carbon dioxide out of the air, using chemicals to remove the greenhouse gas. Once removed, CO2 gets stored underground, or is used in industrial materials like cement. On Friday, the US Department of Energy announced it is spending $1.2 billion to fund two new demonstration projects in Texas and Louisiana – the South Texas Direct Air Capture hub and Project Cypress in Louisiana
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“These two projects are going to build these regional direct air capture hubs,” US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm told reporters. “That means they’re going to link everything from capture to processing to deep underground storage, all in one seamless process.”
<br /><br />
Granholm said the projects are expected to remove more than 2 million metric tons of carbon dioxide from the air annually once they are up and running – the equivalent of removing nearly 500,000 gas cars off the road.</blockquote>
So let's have a look at the numbers.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguwQMctSytp94ryQvmn7YZVMxkwD5GqFHi7p6yAkkAf5sIfsoE8QeLQUEWlckI-BPxpDxLMUW2TaVU_h3-6oO7UQvQhk65YKCkstaihoG8fihp06IbmfObtHWBAWA3iWhs8g5osXhxjKpYnVQljEPhoNmPXJ73-TUc4YjJDY34ieoS6PZlro-w/s705/Screenshot%202023-08-27%20170418.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="705" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguwQMctSytp94ryQvmn7YZVMxkwD5GqFHi7p6yAkkAf5sIfsoE8QeLQUEWlckI-BPxpDxLMUW2TaVU_h3-6oO7UQvQhk65YKCkstaihoG8fihp06IbmfObtHWBAWA3iWhs8g5osXhxjKpYnVQljEPhoNmPXJ73-TUc4YjJDY34ieoS6PZlro-w/w400-h261/Screenshot%202023-08-27%20170418.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div>$535 per metric ton. Seems high.</div><div><br /></div><div>I don't know the latest cost numbers for carbon capture, but I'll post this and come back with more information.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>Sources:</div><div><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/politics/direct-air-capture-funding-biden-administration/index.html" target="_blank">CNN</a></div><div><a href="https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies-calculator-calculations-and-references" target="_blank">individual car emissions (EPA)</a></div><div><a href="https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review" target="_blank">US emissions (Energy Institute (formerly BP))</a></div><div><a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA" target="_blank">US GDP (FRED)</a></div><div><br /></div></div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-6451996033537569972023-08-25T09:50:00.000-07:002023-08-25T09:50:01.875-07:00Checking On Antarctic Sea Ice<p>It's still pretty bad. Without doing the calculations, I'd say it looks more anomalously low than it was in July.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA7OTMy4Tt3gysx5DMtB69r5BKarn89ssfkl3MvHwzp2AecIGJLgQdAs83nJwDpm-7mKSM0nrTgzyBl1El8DL7feWRb0NLEWk5NvjxbUFvOaT4EcoLFFCFbrxU4NMt-Zd0sOAX5z_52sn1lFwKMKh8C5rGo4aI3MqhRP1RhC2HZTNRX7FzJBgN/s1320/Screenshot%202023-08-25%20094357.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="1320" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA7OTMy4Tt3gysx5DMtB69r5BKarn89ssfkl3MvHwzp2AecIGJLgQdAs83nJwDpm-7mKSM0nrTgzyBl1El8DL7feWRb0NLEWk5NvjxbUFvOaT4EcoLFFCFbrxU4NMt-Zd0sOAX5z_52sn1lFwKMKh8C5rGo4aI3MqhRP1RhC2HZTNRX7FzJBgN/w640-h397/Screenshot%202023-08-25%20094357.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="text-align: left;">Via University of Maine's </span><a href="https://climatereanalyzer.org/about/" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Climate Reanalyer</a><span style="text-align: left;">.</span>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-31510067413664551162023-08-20T16:33:00.004-07:002023-08-20T16:33:47.677-07:00Heatwave ProjectionsInteresting gif <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02552-2" target="_blank">from Nature</a>. 35°C=95°F.<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg54u9gE_Q4D5LJtHrW_gk7CMQcAH0mpCrTn1XM-wWPQxlupMAro6jk5YsJNQ8vk2XSnEN3lKSxjCC-M0mxiS3AJhvOkFXykwlKpBTqNt-Xb1SDsPRIi9jtqRO69XutMqfrSCaLYpeM7PFc-VtyWfqaFy_gk_rXRwjJvcCLGjAyhH03wbGTTOz/s751/d41586-023-02552-2_25932036.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="751" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg54u9gE_Q4D5LJtHrW_gk7CMQcAH0mpCrTn1XM-wWPQxlupMAro6jk5YsJNQ8vk2XSnEN3lKSxjCC-M0mxiS3AJhvOkFXykwlKpBTqNt-Xb1SDsPRIi9jtqRO69XutMqfrSCaLYpeM7PFc-VtyWfqaFy_gk_rXRwjJvcCLGjAyhH03wbGTTOz/w640-h548/d41586-023-02552-2_25932036.gif" width="640" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div>The worse areas are well north of the equator.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtfZNrwsLrBWO7rJlmWtwY2VU-MZ8j4sdxPOy_Ehx_HoKaY0OxkelYEJaEN_JdIYjE5ZqJdeiMjTaPp1qXf7bah3rXF0DsZonDz42EwMjB1P3FGFuN-jV7-XaEU43p_z9HZT9242Z_7U_OdDc6yRWAFOTpczOzPnstLebH2W7KDdbVVDglwhbj" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1870" data-original-width="3630" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtfZNrwsLrBWO7rJlmWtwY2VU-MZ8j4sdxPOy_Ehx_HoKaY0OxkelYEJaEN_JdIYjE5ZqJdeiMjTaPp1qXf7bah3rXF0DsZonDz42EwMjB1P3FGFuN-jV7-XaEU43p_z9HZT9242Z_7U_OdDc6yRWAFOTpczOzPnstLebH2W7KDdbVVDglwhbj" width="640" /></a></div><br />I'd like to see that top chart but for 45°C (113°F).</div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-26883365478192590282023-08-19T17:53:00.002-07:002023-08-19T17:53:32.710-07:00Raven Teases Wolf<p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/reel/670266951665107" target="_blank">Here's the video</a>, it's on Facebook. (Don't know how to embed it.) This sure looks like it was done just for fun.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/reel/670266951665107" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img data-original-height="570" data-original-width="463" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIcu5pqtIubsRSh4IPf5Ow1ERfFq5xESf_nL232ON0M4imHx1GTjXPQQJJ6LK_5pNos_lNDKJauQFum5ClXYT8PjedT5MT69o8J2Ix_N4qnAdytaFSthqwAIuOtUqMY0neQGWQg-0zyGlMDFWNRC9uqn5YWWxZJ5X-3xl1_ePbxtp9cWWlMD5H=w325-h400" width="325" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Apparently ravens and wolves <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q34i19iaVB4&t=1s" target="_blank">have a close relationship</a> that has mutual benefits.</div><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-73558627010084296332023-08-12T19:58:00.056-07:002023-08-13T16:36:59.658-07:00Here We Go Again<p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhukB2IeU-_0lSi8a8xFZdzrvSyXZj9uCQQBXBP_3MFSzGSXWcthUJ6zcSX73yPa33hr3wUcUXL0dmSR94l9n2iavi9jtOnz78FhWNk_Vb7UrdI81NKgLaA9xYmew7kiOdkyA1vLtO5HHApKKP42oHNBe4_SHY3xgVaxu1Y5mTANXK8YKh3RO4w"><img border="0" height="400" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_7266632185755718050" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhukB2IeU-_0lSi8a8xFZdzrvSyXZj9uCQQBXBP_3MFSzGSXWcthUJ6zcSX73yPa33hr3wUcUXL0dmSR94l9n2iavi9jtOnz78FhWNk_Vb7UrdI81NKgLaA9xYmew7kiOdkyA1vLtO5HHApKKP42oHNBe4_SHY3xgVaxu1Y5mTANXK8YKh3RO4w=w340-h400" width="340" /></a></p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">The normal high/low for this Monday is 84° | 55°.</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">I've been keeping track of daily Salem Oregon weather since I moved here on 9/1/2011. The temperature deviances are actually a pretty good Gaussian distribution. So I can estimate occurrences of high temperatures.</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">A high of 108°F (24°F above normal) is 3.99 standard deviations over the mean, which should occur 84 years.</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">Our high of 117°F on 6/28/21, the monster Pacific Northwest Heat Wave of 2021, was 39°F above normal, which should happen every 165 million years. (!)</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">I only have 10.9 years of data, so these numbers probably aren't very good. Just for fun.</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">Here's the distribution in Salem for the last 11 years, for the <i>daily</i> temperature, which is the average of the high and low.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEkCc9B_OddnqF3nEv1ECUJ0nL1eYAvtIUEZhZYi0H_WLgIgr2a81I7qHa1TgQgFXw3TMZGfcGiPpusDoCsNgqPhHUHRt1Vq0meKvZcsV1IvQin5SpZrWfghirN3HG_65VXjJb4mJ04uIFskWDGP3mZXRVjtARtFMuHhxqEu_9e24WRgloSMXI/s968/histogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="968" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEkCc9B_OddnqF3nEv1ECUJ0nL1eYAvtIUEZhZYi0H_WLgIgr2a81I7qHa1TgQgFXw3TMZGfcGiPpusDoCsNgqPhHUHRt1Vq0meKvZcsV1IvQin5SpZrWfghirN3HG_65VXjJb4mJ04uIFskWDGP3mZXRVjtARtFMuHhxqEu_9e24WRgloSMXI/w640-h285/histogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">The peak is a little wonky. Don't ask me why. Horizontal axis is degrees Fahrenheit above or below the <i>daily average</i>; vertical axis is the rate of occurrence.</p><p class="mobile-photo" style="text-align: left;">I calculated the mean anomaly and standard deviation of the daily highs to be 1.29°F and 5.69°F respectively. </p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-73021824162554729982023-08-10T12:59:00.005-07:002023-08-10T12:59:36.297-07:00Since I Was Born<p>Since I was born:</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The US Consumer Price Index has increased by a factor of 10.3 (=inflation)</li><li>US population has increased by a factor of 1.87</li><li>Households by a factor of 2.55</li><li>Civilian employment has increased by 2.46 (women in the workplace.)</li><li>Manufacturing employment is down 18%.</li><li>US federal government spending by a factor of 62 </li><li>US GDP by a factor of 49.6</li><li>Real GDP by a factor of 6.2</li><li>Hence real US GDP per capita has increased by a factor of 3.3 </li><li><a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AHETPI/" target="_blank">Average hourly earnings</a> by a factor of about 12</li><li>World Population by 2.64 times</li><li>World per capita real GDP by 3.2 times.</li><li>China's population by a factor of 2.12</li><li>China's nominal GDP by a factor of 303 (not inflation-adjusted).</li></ul><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-16482265464823817452023-08-10T12:22:00.004-07:002023-08-10T12:22:51.375-07:00Seen in Portland, Oregon<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2wpBEJRQfq3RHCtXNJM9h6tpficF1OrCJrobDwuZnYTLT04Sz6XHzj61zdVLThZFM412WVKsaTvV5rc1EfUvzRMBAvD7o-QSg0zjDlyisAxING86gc7UUdfWF3bhJGv_usew_FbRzzDkAVW_SGhmQJW9GKY4bpMy2truc3ob5SMiX3TdDr9o3" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="1437" data-original-width="1157" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2wpBEJRQfq3RHCtXNJM9h6tpficF1OrCJrobDwuZnYTLT04Sz6XHzj61zdVLThZFM412WVKsaTvV5rc1EfUvzRMBAvD7o-QSg0zjDlyisAxING86gc7UUdfWF3bhJGv_usew_FbRzzDkAVW_SGhmQJW9GKY4bpMy2truc3ob5SMiX3TdDr9o3=w322-h400" width="322" /></a></div><br /><p></p>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-16167093956528340832023-08-09T13:54:00.011-07:002023-08-10T12:24:41.105-07:00World Oil Production per Capita Has Little Change<p>There is remarkably little change in world oil production per capita per year:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYX4fIk6p3GynwvI2tXlUyD0RgVUggUWAFxNHPOC95qAIIEgHnHXcYrGrb6IMU4wBWaUtEaLqymRE1PjgmgyZX2UfSkPN4HlhztT7Xxe58SqWFFrThRVBi4zmknx_6dUXTX2Uet6jgESVZ8j3RwAA3r0ZHC7u5IZI5Gw0WVLm37Xc3woPuIlt/s1132/world%20oil.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="1132" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYX4fIk6p3GynwvI2tXlUyD0RgVUggUWAFxNHPOC95qAIIEgHnHXcYrGrb6IMU4wBWaUtEaLqymRE1PjgmgyZX2UfSkPN4HlhztT7Xxe58SqWFFrThRVBi4zmknx_6dUXTX2Uet6jgESVZ8j3RwAA3r0ZHC7u5IZI5Gw0WVLm37Xc3woPuIlt/w640-h312/world%20oil.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div>Note the vertical axis scale is fairly refined, so the annual fluctuations are only about ±5% at most. I would have guessed there'd be a fairly large positive trend. <div><br /></div><div>Sources:</div><div><a href="https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world" target="_blank">Oil production</a> </div><div><a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SPPOPTOTLWLD" target="_blank">World Population</a><br /><p>I should look at consumption (oil, not tuberculosis).</p><p>PS: In US oil-speak, "Mb" means thousands of barrels and MMb means millions of barrels. (Boo.) Took me awhile to figure that out. </p></div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-75130651065990431882023-08-08T12:55:00.003-07:002023-08-08T18:11:50.855-07:00Life's Pleasures<p>Finally getting to wash your hands when they're sticky<sup>1</sup> is one of life's small pleasures.</p>--<div><sup>1</sup> I don't mean dirty, I mean sticky, although they can be both sticky and dirty. But primarily sticky.</div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-41801453653397621732023-08-06T18:00:00.000-07:002023-08-06T18:00:22.507-07:00Global Boiling and Other Stuff<span style="font-family: verdana;">Things I've encountered</span>:
<p>I am not at all in favor of this term "global boiling" that the <a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/the-un-warns-an-era-of-global-boiling-has-started-what-does-that-mean/ar-AA1ewta0" target="_blank">UN is trying to introduce</a></p>
<blockquote>
The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived,” António Guterres declared in a news briefing, as scientists confirmed that July is set to become Earth’s hottest month on record.
<br /><br />“Climate change is here. It is terrifying. And it is just the beginning,” he said at a briefing at U.N. headquarters in New York on Thursday, as he described “children swept away by monsoon rains, families running from the flames [and] workers collapsing in scorching heat.”
</blockquote>
<div>Sure, global warming is getting to be serious, and will get more serious. But calling it "boiling" is such a naked attempt to induce fright. And then, presumably, action. It's almost laughable, at least silly, and an easy target for deniers to mock. Besides, nothing is really boiling, and won't. Not even close. Seems like maybe it was dreamed up by PR types who are deep in a UN bubble.</div><div><br /></div><div>I don't know what's going to get the world to take this problem seriously, but such extreme nomenclature isn't the answer, I believe. What do you think?</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">⁂</div><br />I don't see the world addressing global warming en mass via mitigation. I think we're well on the path to geoengineering via stratospheric aerosols. Then someday in decades carbon removal from the atmosphere. But it's going to get very hot before then, at least 2°C, and probably 2.5°C. I wouldn't bet against 3°C. IMO.<div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">⁂</div><div><br /></div><div>When water expands as it freezes, it exerts a pressure of 200 atmospheres. <a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/QEzv3_Ru0XM?si=i-2RRoOwl2CZoLIW" target="_blank">Watch it blow</a> this steel container apart.<p style="text-align: center;">
⁂
</p><p><a href="https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/data/8720218_meantrend.txt" target="_blank">Sea level rise</a> in Mayport, Florida is 1/3 inches a year over the last 20 years. <a href="https://www.bing.com/maps?osid=815de172-6bbd-47b1-9798-6891ebf25488&cp=30.381856~-89.914158&lvl=5.82&pi=0&imgid=02742b82-b5fe-4018-9f4a-3d1276dbb664&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027" target="_blank">It's located</a> in the northeastern-most part of Florida, just outside Jacksonville--there's a big US naval station there, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Station_Mayport" target="_blank">Naval Station Newport</a>.</p><p style="text-align: center;">⁂</p><p>⁂ is my new favorite symbol. It's called an "asterism." A word from planetary astronomy.</p><p style="text-align: center;">⁂</p>
<center>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Neat to see my comparison of record ocean temperatures to climate model projections in today's <a href="https://twitter.com/nytimes?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@nytimes</a>. Its definitely approaching the upper end of what we'd expect to see based on climate models: <a href="https://t.co/mPb6IqsesZ">https://t.co/mPb6IqsesZ</a> <a href="https://t.co/bW1IUcFy9a">pic.twitter.com/bW1IUcFy9a</a></p>— Zeke Hausfather (@hausfath) <a href="https://twitter.com/hausfath/status/1687502591733964800?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 4, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
</center>
<p style="text-align: center;">⁂</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9jr0Qy3iMBZ2R184LPLeCWFNF40Ar2ff_au-XC9ZnVK3pGWCFlT065Ju1YvxcZyr4AhMZOPTIWkiCENMdxWUzpjvxn4gtuReJe7eoM_SEKNSywhxMUBuUEJ9FuDw6ZML3PBmfdS5NVGEmlf7Pxmd-GrOovwNsrkgSc1cdnHUe1GPFGVYiemr-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="591" data-original-width="1170" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9jr0Qy3iMBZ2R184LPLeCWFNF40Ar2ff_au-XC9ZnVK3pGWCFlT065Ju1YvxcZyr4AhMZOPTIWkiCENMdxWUzpjvxn4gtuReJe7eoM_SEKNSywhxMUBuUEJ9FuDw6ZML3PBmfdS5NVGEmlf7Pxmd-GrOovwNsrkgSc1cdnHUe1GPFGVYiemr-=w640-h325" width="640" /></a></div>
</div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-38676285377280237912023-08-06T11:43:00.005-07:002023-08-06T11:44:12.813-07:00Deforestation in the Amazon<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFz8z2Eggr7x2nrPQcgqgJ9aa8Ko4GJGgu4-6PatVgKzrMxyeEs2mJASj8HxXprPn2OIBDDcVYaTsduPkqekvKNSQC9LVxMI4WB6ZmvXHo3nbVXET8XC8Sknv-K-z6nCyf4a7-F2L0ma1O87YN1hVACAKFH5L7zOFBwju74_NetDOoJ0phg1Hi" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img data-original-height="711" data-original-width="1170" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFz8z2Eggr7x2nrPQcgqgJ9aa8Ko4GJGgu4-6PatVgKzrMxyeEs2mJASj8HxXprPn2OIBDDcVYaTsduPkqekvKNSQC9LVxMI4WB6ZmvXHo3nbVXET8XC8Sknv-K-z6nCyf4a7-F2L0ma1O87YN1hVACAKFH5L7zOFBwju74_NetDOoJ0phg1Hi=w640-h388" width="640" /></a>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-88009568161808650222023-08-01T15:27:00.000-07:002023-08-01T15:27:13.931-07:00A Russian Soldier in Ukraine<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh86JH0Wu0GfN_RhRK8SaGHSJkTzRkUVlQD6Hrw73IbzL5GSj7_MSITGMPwN12uVxhnomZFP2pgYy1KlWU57gqWb2L1upaUpMqZ8QO2p-NJxwr7td43tTzRWyQn1JTE2ughypwcfHIzR86qdcuVGfQz3kx9QDQ6khgLtwUq9NWTY4lqwjtl5Jjx/s2048/Russian%20soldier.webp" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh86JH0Wu0GfN_RhRK8SaGHSJkTzRkUVlQD6Hrw73IbzL5GSj7_MSITGMPwN12uVxhnomZFP2pgYy1KlWU57gqWb2L1upaUpMqZ8QO2p-NJxwr7td43tTzRWyQn1JTE2ughypwcfHIzR86qdcuVGfQz3kx9QDQ6khgLtwUq9NWTY4lqwjtl5Jjx/s600/Russian%20soldier.webp" width="600" /></a></div><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/30/world/europe/ukraine-counteroffensive-russia.html" target="_blank">
via the <i>New York Times</i></a>.David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28837843.post-76726531858641118332023-07-31T07:47:00.003-07:002023-07-31T07:47:49.252-07:00Fetterman on Depression<p>From an <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/28/us/politics/john-fetterman-pennsylvania-interview.html?unlocked_article_code=zq9e3iDMQZUZ7lIdc2uHtNqRHrp_ydnpIhdtkTpxtP1u0jmivZ4o7rNktQolmDQtXJWxFmUbzRm9AA_Y_75N8l0Vv-G6AaKNH8o_sb-IICBwsFiQr2s3iZ_H_G0LSCG73Z1_c2e_1025_U6-gQ5oCb1k72PnysTUNz0P_B8e8rrh9OtqGtaAlrvML4HbA9XYeyE9BQi-BzGE2ollFMU2a20u_tDwJg8Z_M40oXPN220wjSUYurpXoehtgI_Tx6oWWVSbLMw4TJGsrCZxLL2_RhZ_31JMKP6JHqtPjjD6RG2uICUNVGjNS0wJNs882PFilG9bPqdQduiapewTSNK_1xznHudYhQ5bzegPGg0Oiay_Jw&smid=url-share" target="_blank">NY Times interview</a> with John Fetterman, Senator from Pennsylvania:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRxqur6aw8Bc5QYTH-3uW0M3kaiaaHWEbG0LuELSEHwIZa2efdnZfpQ1kSwdFJpMp3wL3sROlZLX-kFUd1vlYxvJEHRrB0s4LIjSKm7n2l7cwI37ILjD8t1hWypmFE6NUeF1jXix_AUmx8SqbIpn2bMRJWrEzLQWEfIuY3iD-_6FnvNeuQTjX9/s713/Fetterman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="713" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRxqur6aw8Bc5QYTH-3uW0M3kaiaaHWEbG0LuELSEHwIZa2efdnZfpQ1kSwdFJpMp3wL3sROlZLX-kFUd1vlYxvJEHRrB0s4LIjSKm7n2l7cwI37ILjD8t1hWypmFE6NUeF1jXix_AUmx8SqbIpn2bMRJWrEzLQWEfIuY3iD-_6FnvNeuQTjX9/w400-h288/Fetterman.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8OFvUeBXEi761WMJwh6X_LOgTi8GMG8GhbOJG0UCbd2WkOeGkm3-xSlR9IJU2LUVAms4cIZtkI90in2SUVQGKouvQStDPl9CxDYzX62sqnCyKsgsQyFV0Q3lfjLb1lwoOlMwclMLsjsgCl3ajhf8fXsooq5T_nZqfWm4Y8EZlT0thgDCCk3Ne/s698/Fetterman%20pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="698" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8OFvUeBXEi761WMJwh6X_LOgTi8GMG8GhbOJG0UCbd2WkOeGkm3-xSlR9IJU2LUVAms4cIZtkI90in2SUVQGKouvQStDPl9CxDYzX62sqnCyKsgsQyFV0Q3lfjLb1lwoOlMwclMLsjsgCl3ajhf8fXsooq5T_nZqfWm4Y8EZlT0thgDCCk3Ne/w400-h328/Fetterman%20pic.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>David Appellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03318269033139447591noreply@blogger.com5