Binance Hack - 25% of NK's GDP

In last week's Binance cryptocurrency theft by North Korean hackers, $6.3 B was initially lost. According to the NY Times, over $2 B of that has been frozen by other crypto companies, halting the North Korean's attempt to money launder it.

North Korea's GDP is about $17 B/yr. The ~$4.3 B they retained is 25% of North Korea's GDP

Interesting Tidbit

Because the specific heat of ocean water is much larger than that of air, the top 2.5 m of the ocean holds as much heat as the entire atmosphere above it.

Source: Wikipedia, "Mixed Layers"

William Nordhaus Has Died

William Nordhaus, the climate economist who won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics for integrating economics and climate change, has died. 

His influential work ranged widely, from the economics of climate change to the measurement of technological change, the interaction of the business cycle and the election cycle, and the measurement of economic welfare — farsighted work done jointly with the late James Tobin, himself a Yale Nobel laureate and one of the most influential economists of his day.

Nordhaus is best known, however, for receiving the 2018 Nobel Prize for “integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis,” an achievement most prominently reflected in what was known as the DICE (Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy) model, an influential model that examines the interactions among carbon emissions, climate change, and economic growth.

The DICE model helps policymakers estimate the economic costs of climate change, including such impacts as crop losses and rising sea levels, and weigh them against the costs of reducing emissions. Nordhaus used the model to demonstrate that a carbon tax can reduce emissions efficiently and to estimate the optimal level of such a tax, providing an influential economic framework for carbon pricing.

The signal contribution of economics,” Nordhaus said in his Nobel speech, “is to recognize that climate change is a harmful unintended side effect of economic growth. The best remedy for such externalities is a pollution charge or what is now known as a carbon tax.”

In 2014 I read Nordhaus's book The Climate Casino which explains his model. It was semi-technical and I'm not sure I got anything special out of it, except a reminder that economics has the ugliest equations of any field*. I think I saw someone criticize Nordhaus's model (I think it was Nordhaus) because it counted agriculture as only 4% or so of the value of Gross World Product, whereas if agriculture completely fails GWP would tend towards zero. 

Paul Krugman writes more about Nordhaus, who was his mentor, on his Substack.

I recognize that climate economics is a complex subject given how complex the world is, but it's something that probably doesn't get enough attention. 

--

* far too many primes, tildes, carets etc. (Or, as my favorite professor called them, prime, wiggle and hat.) I don't have a specific example to present now, but I know them when I see them.

From Gavin Schmidt:

Bill Nordhaus has died. Notable for being one of two surviving people who successfully predicted the last 50 years of climate change in the 1970s (Manabe being the other). Both won (different) Nobel Prizes. news.yale.edu/2026/10/31/w...

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— Gavin Schmidt (@climateofgavin.bsky.social) October 31, 2026 at 12:50 PM

More of "The Last Humans Alive"

Because I'm procrastinating, I also asked ChatGPT to "create a picture of the last group of survivors on Earth after climate change kills everyone else." Here it is. Maybe slightly less horrific than Grok's, as there are a few green plants and trees still alive. A pretty sunset, too.

Patrick Stewart Has Died

Patrick Stewart, Captain Picard of Star Trek: The Next Generation, has died at the age of 86. He was so good in that role, and others he's played. Dammit. 

Another AI Engineer Sends a Warning

Another AI insider revolts, saying he's no longer saving for retirement because "I guess right now it looks like we probably don’t have a decade [left] on the clock." Well, but he used to work for Google so maybe his 401K retirement fund will do great even without future contributions.

He (Nate Soares) said he'd be OK with launching airstrikes on data centers.

“I do think that nation states should treat AI and superintelligent — like potential rogue superintelligent AI — at least on par with nuclear weapons. It’s frankly more dangerous than nuclear weapons.”

and

“The real question is not how does it kill us, it’s how does it become self-sufficient?”

Soares has been a Google and Microsoft engineer, so it's not possible to completely ignore him. He is also a co-author on the book If Anyone Builds It, Everyone Dies: Why Superhuman AI Would Kill Us All.

Similarly, the trailer (below) to The AI Doc isn't very comforting. I want to watch it when it streams somewhere I subscribe--it's currently on Netflix. 

Honestly, I find it difficult not to feel some pessimism. For example, I worry AI, when asked to solve climate change, will decide the simplest solution is to kill all the carbon emitters. Viz all the humans.

Trump only concern is insisting he's the one who gets to name AI, and all other names are banned. And the name he picked, "superintelligence," already means something (else.) Such a moron. Honestly, Trump is a real moron, a low-IQ person (as he likes to call everyone else). And dangerous. I hope the midterm elections next Tuesday take a big bite out of him, though even if the Democrats dominate he might go more rogue than usual.

 

{Snuffle}

News I've Come Across Recently

Antarctic ice gained about 108 gigatons each year from 2021-2023, offsetting sea level rise by 0.33 mm/yr. But it lost 4,780 Gt of ice since 1979, until 2023. (Gt=billion metric tons)

Greenland lost 6,529 Gt ice from 1979 to 2023. 

That's 11,309 Gt together, a total contribution of 31.4 mm of sea level rise. 3.14 cm. 1.24 inches.

-=-=-

Berkeley Earth also found this past August as the warmest August in their records, since 1849. The August global temperature anomaly was 1.71 ± 0.11°C (3.07 ± 0.20 °F) above the 1850–1900 average. And it's the second warmest among all months in their record. They wrote:

Roughly 10.2% of Earth's surface saw its warmest August on record — 9.1% of land and 10.7% of ocean. 75 countries set national August records, and continent-wide August records were set for Africa and North America.

They also wrote:

With eight months of data in hand, a record annual average now looks probable. We calculate roughly a 93% chance that 2026 becomes the warmest year on record, up from about 69% in the July update and 12% in June. The most likely alternative is a 2nd-place finish.

Lots of graphs are on the same page. 

-=-=-

Robert F Kennedy Jr says the department of Health and Human Services, which he's in charge of, is investigating chemtrails. Which don't exist. Spending time on conspiracies while Americans are having an ever more difficult time accessing affordable healthcare. I'd be infuriating if I expected anything out of the US government, but not anymore.

-=-=-

The Trump administration has started calling bike (bicycle) lanes "DEI bike lanes." DEI stands for "diversity, equity, and inclusion"--being sure to care about minority groups of whatever sort. It "boasts of cutting $1.73bn already allocated for cycling improvements to city streets," says The Guardian. 

Why?? They don't burn gasoline! And Trump licks the bottoms of the fossil fuel industry because they gave him $219 million for his campaign in 2024. The Guardian:

The Trump administration’s plans to stymie and defund bike lane plans in the US, on the unusual basis that they are DEI tools, will hurt efforts to improve roadway safety, non-motorized transportation advocates say.

The transportation secretary, Sean Duffy, posted on X this month that he had redirected $1.73bn allocated for “Biden-era DEI pet projects” to “America’s actual backbone: ROADS, BRIDGES, AND SHIPPING PORTS”.

It's difficult impossible for me to imagine the ignorance and malevolence that went into this decision. It's very clear by now that Trump has no interest in running the government for the benefit of ordinary people. We see it in so many areas: health care, energy, climate change, tariffs, AI, the National Park system, foreign relations and many more. It's disgusting and I only hope there is enough left by the time he leaves office--I hope every morning when I first look at my phone--that these policies can be rebuilt for the good of the people and the country.

"These Tech Titans Are F--king Psychos"

Some evidence on why the AI tech leaders should be the last people deciding the future of human society, put rather directly:

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Will AI Devalue Humans?

This clip of Tristan Harris really makes me think. It contains a quote by Sam Altman of Open AI which is...well, incredible and outrageous at the same time.

 
Harris is a co-founder of the Center for Humane Technology.

 
Someone I heard said of the CEOs at Trump's recent meeting of AI tech bros, where Trump announced the formation of a "Super Intelligence Force" {eyeroll}, that their suits don't fit and do we really want tech nerds with limited social skills creating the future of the human condition. Excellent question.

 

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search(+A +B) and search(+A -C)

Anymore it seems impossible to do a Web search that includes particular terms. A search like

+A +B

gives results where term B is not in the search results. Google does this, and now DuckDuckGo does it too, and as far as I can tell, so does Bing. And if you try to exclude term C

+A -C

the search results still include C, especially, I think, if it's commonly associated with A.

Does anyone have a solution for this? I think it's because the search engines don't want to return null results because they want to include their advertising links. 

It's frustrating. Or am I doing something wrong?

Edit 12-Oct: took out the quote marks that were around the search term, since they mean something on search that I didn't mean here.

The Last Humans Alive

I asked Grok: Create an image of the last group of humans alive on Earth after global warming and climate change have killed everyone else.

It created this. A little harsher than I expected, but OK.

Link.

El Nino region's amazing SST

Here's a chart (thanks Grok) showing the sea surface temperature of the Nino3.4 region in the central Pacific Ocean. The SST is going off the chart. 

The high bulge to the right of 2026's line is 2015, which peaked on Nov 18, 2015 at 29.81°C, an anomaly of 3.26°C relative to a baseline of 1982-2010. 

Here's a time series of the same region. If El Ninos' strength is increasing over time, I wouldn't say it's obvious from this graph? What do you think?

Of course someone should do a calculation.

Ocean Heat Content Clearly Accelerating

Here are the latest ocean heat content numbers from NOAA, through 1Q2026. Eyeballing, it looks clear that OHC is accelerating for both regions. 

0-700 m region: linear slope = 0.22 W/m² = 0.035°C/decade

                           acceleration = 0.0089 (W/m²)/yr = 8.9 (mW/m²)/yr

where "mW" is milliwatts. 

0-2000 m region: linear slope = 0.68 W/m² = 0.037°C/decade

                             acceleration = 0.0079 (W/m²)/yr = 7.9 (mW/m²)/yr

The R² numbers are all high, > 0.90.

All this bother over milliwatts!   :-)

PS: corrections welcome, especially on the unit conversions.

Island Boy

This lively woman, Brooke Eby, said she was finally diagnosed with ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, or, she says, the same disease that Stephen Hawking had, "before he became an island boy." 

I hope you know what that means. 

I wonder if that will be his lasting impression in the public sphere.

Don't know if any of you care. Probably not.

-=-=-

Her name is Brooke Eby. She had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or A.L.S., at 33. She died yesterday at the age of 37. 

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A post shared by Brooke Eby (@limpbroozkit)

Why I Love Rainy Days (Apparently)

Oregon's rainy season--it's really rainy season--is coming up in November and December. It's the only part of winter here I enjoy anymore. (Yes, I realize technically it's autumn. But it feels like winter.) I used to love nor'easters in New England. (Like today's.)

I'm already missing summer.

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Weird Eddington Quotes

Arthur Eddington, physicist and mathematician, wrote:

“The physical world is entirely abstract and without actuality apart from its linkage to consciousness”

He also wrote:

“It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference.”

Both of these are in his book The Nature of the Physical World, published in 1928. 

Eddington made his name in astronomy and especially by traipsing off to Príncipe in 1919 to attempt to measure the bending of light around the sun predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. The island is inside the underarm of Africa, and the eclipse occurred on May 29th. At only 1.5° N of the equator it was probably miserable at the time, especially wearing the heaps of clothing expected of English men back then. Eddington said he had confirmed Einstein's prediction, which made Einstein famous. I once read that Eddington cherry picked his data, but Wikipedia says 

The results were argued by some to have been plagued by systematic error and possibly confirmation bias, although modern reanalysis of the dataset suggests that Eddington's analysis was accurate.

Maybe he just got lucky or had a sixth sense for his experiment. Maybe he knew what he was doing.

Anyway, back to these quotes. Eddington didn't accomplish much in the field of physics or the new quantum mechanics, as far as I know, but he did have a few crazy ideas. He claimed the number of hydrogen atoms in the universe was exactly 136*2²⁵⁶, approximately 1.57e79.

The "136" looks suspicious.... Eddington claimed the fine structure constant α was 1/136, which was about the value being measured back then. But better measurements found it to be a little less than 1/137, so Eddington cooked up a way to find one more degree of freedom, thus 136+1=137. For this he was ridiculed and some people started calling him "Arthur Adding-one," and the episode detracted from his scientific credibility.

 
So back to these quotes, made as the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics were being established by Born and Heisenberg and Pauli and a bunch of guys at Göttingen in Germany. Eddington must have been impressed with QM and it triggered his curiosity but didn't get into the meat of it so played around at the [far] edges. 

Anyway, back to the quotes. They seem influenced by QM, but they're really quite astonishing and, well, kooky for any actual scientist to say. Nothing was known about consciousness back then, just as nothing about it is known today. To say that there is no external world and it all springs from consciousness is way, way, way out there, too soon even for science fiction, which was then sending goofy rockets to be planted into the lunar surface and there were canals on Mars built by Martians (first described in 1877). Eddington said it all depends on "mental character." 

Eddington took the red pill. He believed that consciousness could not be explained by physics. (Then by what?) I knew about the eclipse of course, and his adding one to 136 to get 137, but I never knew he was this far out there. He was probably a fascinating guy to have a conversation with, in front of a large fireplace with port and cigars, and I suspect he had even weirder ideas than he wrote about. He would certainly be worth a time travel trip, when they finally figure out time travel and built the necessary infrastructure. I don't know, depends on the cost. If Einstein would be there at the same time, I'd pay a lot for that ticket. Just might stay, too.

Big Fossil Fuel Ad Money for the New York Times

A big dilemma:

#NotACoincidence

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— Michael E. Mann (@michaelemann.bsky.social) September 5, 2026 at 8:25 AM

Looks like the NYT takes in about $500 M/yr in advertising money. So about 4% comes from fossil fuels. If the loaded salary of an employee is $200,000, the FF money pays for a hundred of them. Or, as they have 163 M shares outstanding, that's 12 cents more dividend per share. Their annual dividend is $0.92 per share per year, they could raise it by about 13%. 

Or have an amazing annual Hanukkah party.

Arctic Sea Ice Extent Only 10th Lowest

NSIDC says that the Arctic's sea ice extent minimum has been reached for the year, 4.60 million square kilometers on Sept 12th. That's about the area of the European Union, and only tenth lowest since satellite records began back in November 1978. 

"This year’s minimum is yet another low extent in a changed Arctic," said senior scientist Walt Meier. "While this year’s minimum is in line with recent years, it is far lower than anything we saw in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s.”

Here's a quick reminder of what "extent" means versus "area":

Sea ice area is the total region covered by ice. Extent is the total region with at least 15 percent sea ice cover. NSIDC usually reports extent, which gives higher values than area.

And the Antarctic has likely reached its maximum for the winter down there:

In the Antarctic, sea ice extent has been tracking near record low levels for most of this growth season, most likely reaching its maximum extent on September 14 at 17.59 million square kilometers (6.79 million square miles). If this maximum date holds, this will be the third lowest Antarctic sea ice maximum on record. 

Here's NSIDC's own story and an animation for the Arctic. Here's an image I asked Perplexity AI to generate: "an image of vanishing sea ice."

Image by Perplexity AI

About the Equal-Area Map Debate

Surprising (to me):

Kluth says of the Mercator map, "Greenland is especially exaggerated: It appears to be 14 times larger than all of Africa, when in fact, it is smaller than Algeria.

How a bogus map exposes 'one reason for Trump's obsession with Greenland,' Alternet, 11-Sept-2026